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Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate
The British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate (known simply as Camouflage) was led by filmmaker Geoffrey Barkas, with a team of camouflage officers or "camoufleurs". The team included the artist Steven Sykes, the first Camouflage GSO2 in the British army.
Camouflage's major operations for Middle East Command included disguise and deception work during the Siege of Tobruk; a dummy railhead at Misheifa, and the largest of all, Operation Bertram, the army-scale deception for the battle of El Alamein in October 1942.
These operations saved lives and contributed to victory by diverting enemy attention from real targets to dummy ones, wasting enemy ammunition, preserving vital resources such as the single water desalination plant at Tobruk, and deceiving the enemy as to allied strength and intentions. Operation Bertram may also have been the last ever army-scale physical deception, since subsequent major deceptions, including those for the D-Day landings in Normandy, have included electronic measures.〔Stroud, 2012. pp221, 227.〕
==Foundation==
Camouflage's leader, Geoffrey Barkas (1896–1979) served in the 1915 Gallipoli campaign and then in the later part of the Battle of the Somme in France, where he won a Military Cross. Between the wars, Barkas was a filmmaker, working as a writer, producer, and director.〔Barkas, 1952. p4.〕 In 1937, Barkas joined Shell-Mex/BP under Jack Beddington, who guided Barkas into military camouflage.〔 In May 1940, he was rapidly drafted into the Royal Engineers with a summary 10-day basic training course,〔Barkas, 1952. pp25-27.〕 followed by a camouflage course.〔Barkas, 1952. p29.〕 He developed his thinking in Northern Ireland in 1940, teaching, running demonstrations, and writing an instructional pamphlet.〔Barkas, 1952. pp36-40, 43.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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